Egyptian History included three periods: the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom and the Nem Kingdom that periods affected to traditional Egptian’s art. Firstly, the Old Kingdom began around 3100 B.C.E when Menes established his capital at Memhis and founded the firs of the thirty-one Egyptian dynasties. Menes also called by Narmer who is powerful pharaoh. In this period the pyramids were built for keep the body of the pharaoh safe. According to Egyptian beliefs, the soul or ‘ka’ remained with the body until death and after the death ka left the body for a few time. However, ka returned and united the body again as travel to the next world. For this reason, pyramids were built for protect to pharaoh’s body because in the eyes of people pharaohs were both king and god. On the other hand, thieves destroyed the pharaoh’s body also stole the gold and other treasures. So, sculptors began to create statues of the pharaoh.
Second period began 1800 B.C.E when The Hykos came to Egyptian lands with horses and chariots. They won easily because Egytptians were not knowledge with use horses and chariots. During the Middle Kingdom, stopped construction of the pyramids and people began to built pharaohs’ tombs in rock cliff instead. However, the Hyksos destoreyed many statues so this period was really difficult for both life and art. But, some portraits seems suprisingly realistic which created in the Middle Kingdom.
The New Kingdom that last period of Egptian history began in 1570 B.C.E also they learnt to use horses and chariots. So, Egyptian had power and ruled over neighboring nations. Thebes, the royal capital, it was a golden age of Egypt also it became glorious city in the world. Ikhnaton came to power in 1372 and he changed their religion and art system. Artists became more realistic and relaxed during to live of Ikhnaton and monotheistic religion was established with Aton. (symbolized as the sun) However, when Ikhnaton was died, new religion wasn’t continued to believe by people. Alexander the Great of Macedonia brougt his army to Egypt in 332 B.C.E, Egypt’s time of power and fame was ending with the era of the New Kingdom came to close. Three periods included three main points; Egyptian art reacted by Egyptian political and religious terms also dynasty.
Egyptian history is really interesting for me because it include many things with together such as art and religion. Three periods have different features and expreinces. For example, in first period pyramids were started to built but after this period they stopped. But we can’t see anything about pyramids and I have some question. Did they built the pyramids for just one period? Is it enough time? I wonder what happened to pyramids in the Middle Kingdom? What did The Hyksos do? Also, in the Middle Kingdom art became more realistic than first period. What is the reason? Is war? The Middle Kingdom seems difficult for life but this difficulties affected to art. After this period we can see art was still realistic with Ikhnaton but when he died old customs became popular for both art and religion. I wonder why the people prefer to polythestic faith and old rules for arsists returned? Nevermore, I can say that, art affected by their history.
Ecem Engin
Ecem Engin
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